Aerosolpartikel in einem elektrischen Feld. Folgende Varianten wurden am TROPOS entwickelt und betrieben: SMPS (Scanning Mobility Particle Sizer), Größenbereich 10-800 nm TDMPS (Twin Differential Mobility Particle Sizer), Größenbereich 3-800 nm TSMPS (Twin Scanning Mobility Particle Sizer), Größenbereich 3-800 nm TROPOS entwickelt diese Mobilitäts-Partikelgrößenspektrometer seit vielen Jahren und verbessert [...] for mobility particle size spectrometers considering particle number size distribution information outside of the detection range, Atmos. Meas. Tech. , 7 , 95-105, 2014. Download at AMT Schladitz, A., Merkel, M., Bastian, S., Birmili, W., Weinhold, K., Löschau, G., and Wiedensohler, A.: A concept of an automated function control for ambient aerosol measurements using mobility particle size spectrometers [...] - 2 nd SMPS Workshop 2014 Literatur Wiedensohler, A., Birmili, W., Nowak, A., Sonntag, A., Weinhold, K. et al.: Mobility particle size spectrometers: harmonization of technical standards and data structure to facilitate high quality long-term observations of atmospheric particle number size distributions, Atmos. Meas. Tech ., 5 , 657-685, 2012. Download at AMT Pfeifer, S., Birmili, W., Schladitz, A

. Wex et al. (2015) , Intercomparing different devices for the investigation of ice nucleating particles using Snomax as test substance, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 15, 1463–1485, doi:10.5194/acp-15-1463-2015. Worringen et al. (2015) , Single-particle characterization of ice-nucleating particles and ice particle residuals sampled by three different techniques, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 15, 4161-4178, doi:10.519 [...] different pure and surface modifed dust, Geophys. Res. Lett., 41, doi:10.1002/2014GL061317. Augustin-Bauditz et al. (2016) , Laboratory-generated mixtures of mineral dust particles with biological substances: characterization of the particle mixing state and immersion freezing behavior, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 16, 5531–5543, doi:10.5194/acp-16-5531-2016. Burkert-Kohn et al. (2017) , Leipzig Ice Nucleation chamber [...] doi:10.5194/acp-17-11683-2017. Grawe et al. (2016) , The immersion freezing behavior of ash particles from wood and brown coal burning, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 16, 13911–13928, doi:10.5194/acp-16-13911-2016. Grawe et al. (2018) , Coal fly ash: Linking immersion freezing behavior and physico-chemical particle properties, doi:10.5194/acp-2018-583. Hartmann et al. (2013) , Immersion freezing of ice nucleating

characterization of the COndensation PArticle counting System for high altitude aircraft-borne application, Atmos. Meas. Tech., 2, 243-258, 2009. Weigelt, A. et al. , Influence of clouds on aerosol particle number concentrations in the upper troposphere, J. Geophys. Res., 114, D01204, doi:10.1029/2008JD009805, 2009. Hermann, M. et al., Submicrometer aerosol particle distributions in the upper troposphere [...] 2013, 2013. Ekman, A. M. L. et al., Sub-micrometer aerosol particles in the upper troposphere/lowermost stratosphere as measured by CARIBIC and modeled using the MIT-CAM3 global climate model, J. Geophys. Res. 117, D11202, doi:10.1029/2011JD016777, 2012. Baumgardner, D. et al., Airborne instruments to measure atmospheric aerosol particles, clouds and radiation: A cook's tour of mature and emerging [...] 63, 875–890, DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0889.2011.00578.x, 2011. Wehner, B. et al., Characterisation of a new Fast CPC and its application for atmospheric particle measurements, Atmos. Meas. Tech., 4, 823-833, 2011. Köppe, M. et al., Origin of aerosol particles in the mid-latitude and subtropical upper troposphere and lowermost stratosphere, from cluster analysis of CARIBIC data, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 9, 8413-8430

efficiency of a single particle laser ablation mass spectrometer for application in environments with low aerosol particle concentrations, Atmos. Meas. Tech., 13, 5923-5953, doi:10.5194/amt-13-5923-2020. Gong, X., H. Wex , J. Voigtländer, K. W. Fomba, K. Weinhold, M. van Pinxteren, S. Henning, T. Müller, H. Herrmann, and F. Stratmann (2020), Characterization of aerosol particles at Cape Verde close to [...] hygroscopic growth to activation for different particle types, Environ. Res. Lett., 3, doi:10.1088/1748-9326/3/3/035004. Ziese, Z., H. Wex , E. Nilsson, I. Salma, R. Ocskay, T. Hennig, A. Massling, and F. Stratmann (2008), Hygroscopic growth and activation of HULIS particles: Experimental data and a new iterative parameterization scheme for complex aerosol particles, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 8, 1855-1866. 2007 [...] Stratmann, A. Nadeev, and D. Karpushenko (2005), White-light optical particle spectrometer for in situ measurement of condensational growth of aerosol particles, Appl. Opt., 44(22),4693–4701. Wex, H. , A. Kiselev, F. Stratmann, J. Zoboki, and F. Brechtel (2005), Measured and modeled equilibrium sizes of NaCl and (NH 4 ) 2 SO 4 particles at relative humidities up to 99.1%, J. Geophys. Res., 110, D21212

Changes in the production rate of secondary aerosol particles in Central Europe in view of decreasing SO2 emissions between 1996 and 2006, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 10, 1071-1091, 2010. Download from ACP Manninen, H. E., Nieminen, T., Asmi, E., Gagné, S., Häkkinen, S. et al.: EUCAARI ion spectrometer measurements at 12 European sites – analysis of new particle formation events, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 10, 7907-7927 [...] Andrews, E., Sheridan, P., Jefferson, A. et al.: Aerosol decadal trends – Part 2: In-situ aerosol particle number concentrations at GAW and ACTRIS stations, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 13, 895-916, 2013. Asmi, A., Wiedensohler, A., Laj, P. et al.: Number size distributions and seasonality of submicron particles in Europe 2008–2009, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 11, 5505‐5538, 2011. Romakkaniemi, S., A. Arola, H. Kokkola [...] the number concentration of atmospheric Aitken (Dp = 50 nm) particles in the continental boundary layer: parameterization using a multivariate mixed effects model, Geosci. Model Dev., 4, 1-13, 2011. Reddington, C. L., Carslaw, K. S., Spracklen, D. V., Frontoso, M. G., Collins, L. et al.: Primary versus secondary contributions to particle number concentrations in the European boundary layer, Atmos.

Curtius and S. Borrmann (2017), Online single particle analysis of ice particle residuals from mountain-top mixed-phase clouds using laboratory derived particle type assignment, Atmos. Chem. Phys.17(1): 575-594, DOI: doi:10.5194/acp-17-575-2017 Hammer, S. E. , S. Mertes , J. Schneider, M. Ebert, K. Kandler and S. Weinbruch (2018), Composition of ice particle residuals in mixed-phase clouds at Jungfraujoch [...] F. Frank, B. Nillius, U. Bundke, D. Rose, J. Curtius, P. Kupiszewski, E. Weingartner, P. Vochezer, J. Schneider, S. Schmidt, S. Weinbruch and M. Ebert (2015), Single-particle characterization of ice-nucleating particles and ice particle residuals sampled by three different techniques, Atmos. Chem. Phys.15: 4161-4178, DOI: doi:10.5194/acp-15-4161-2015 Kupiszewski, P. , M. Zanatta, S. Mertes , P. Vochezer [...] mente sind: Bestimmung der chemischen und mikophysikalischen Eigenschaften von Eispartikelresiduen (engl. Ice Particle Residues, IPR) Vergleich der mikrophysikalischen und chemischen Eigenschaften der Eispartikelresiduen mit Aerosolpartikeln, die als Eiskeime (engl. Ice Nuceating Particles, INP) in Eiskeimzählern identifiziert werden Beurteilung der atmosphärischen Relevanz bestimmter Aerosolpartikeltypen

mineral dust particles by sulphuric acid processing: implications for CCN and IN abilities, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 11, 7839–7858. Sullivan et al. (2010) , Irreversible loss of ice nucleation active sites in mineral dust particles caused by sulphuric acid condensation, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 10, 11471–11487. Tobo et al. (2012) , Impacts of chemical reactivity on ice nucleation of kaolinite particles: A case study [...] different pure and surface modifed dust, Geophys. Res. Lett., 41, doi:10.1002/2014GL061317. Augustin-Bauditz et al. (2016) , Laboratory-generated mixtures of mineral dust particles with biological substances: characterization of the particle mixing state and immersion freezing behavior, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 16, 5531–5543, doi:10.5194/acp-16-5531-2016. Burkert-Kohn et al. (2017) , Leipzig Ice Nucleation chamber [...] Atmos. Meas. Tech., 6, 1041-1052. Grawe et al. (2016) , The immersion freezing behavior of ash particles from wood and brown coal burning, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 16, 13911–13928, doi:10.5194/acp-16-13911-2016. Grawe et al. (2018) , Coal fly ash: Linking immersion freezing behavior and physico-chemical particle properties, doi:10.5194/acp-2018-583. Hartmann et al. (2011) , Homogeneous and heterogeneous ice

smoke and dust aerosol from Africa were observed. The contribution of African smoke and Saharan dust particles to the total backscatter and extinction coefficient was determined by means of the measured particle depolarization ratio. A decreasing contribution of smoke particles to the total particle extinction coefficient from values around 60%–80% in January and February 2008, to values of 0%–50% in [...] to other seasons, and particles were larger in size. The autumn showed the highest lidar ratio and high extinction-related Angstroem exponents, indicating the presence of smaller probably absorbing particles. The winter had the lowest backscatter and extinction coefficients, but the extinction-related Angsroem was the highest, suggesting still a large amount of small particles. ( Kompulla et al., 2012 [...] height during the diurnal cycle. The particle optical depth (532nm) ranged from 0.3–1.7 and was, on average, 0.92. The haze–layer mean extinction–to–backscatter ratio was 35 to 59sr, on average, 47sr ( Ansmann et al., 2005 , "High aerosol load over the Pearl River Delta, China, observed with Raman lidar and Sun photometer"). Lidar data inversion revealed particle effective radius of around 0.24µm, mean

and droplet activation of coated soot particles during LExNo, J. Geophys. Res., 115(D11206), doi:10.1029/2009JD012626. Kristensen et al. (2012) , Hygroscopic growth and CCN activity of HULIS from different environments, J. Geophys. Res., 117(22), doi:10.1029/2012JD018249. Niedermeier et al. (2008) , LACIS-measurements and parameterization of sea-salt particle hygroscopic growth and activation, Atmos [...] 9, 3999-4009. Snider et al. (2010) , Intercomparison of CCN and hygroscopic fraction measurements: Coated-soot particles investigated during LExNo, J. Geophys. Res., 115(D11205), doi:10.1029/2009JD012618. Stratmann et al. (2010) , Examination of laboratory-generated coated soot particles: An overview over the LExNo campaign, J. Geophys. Res., 115(D11203), doi:10.1029/2009JD012628. Voigtländer et al [...] succinic acid particles measured with LACIS, Geophys. Res. Lett., 34(L17810), doi:10.1029/ 2007GL030185. Wex et al. (2009) , Towards closing the gap between hygroscopic growth and activation for secondary organic aerosol: Part 1 - Evidence from measurements, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 9, 3987-3997. Wex et al. (2010) , The influence of algal exudate on the hygroscopicity of sea spray particles, Advances in

, M. Rosch, and F. Stratmann. 2016: Immersion Freezing of Kaolinite: Scaling with Particle Surface Area, 73: 263-78, doi: 10.1175/jas-d-15-0057.1. Grawe, S., S. Augustin-Bauditz, S. Hartmann , L. Hellner, J. B. C. Pettersson, A. Prager, F. Stratmann, and H. Wex. 2016: The immersion freezing behavior of ash particles from wood and brown coal burning, 16: 13911-28, doi: 10.5194/acp-16-13911-2016. Au [...] Augustin-Bauditz, S., H. Wex, C. Denjean, S. Hartmann , J. Schneider, S. Schmidt, M. Ebert, and F. Stratmann. 2016: Laboratory-generated mixtures of mineral dust particles with biological substances: characterization of the particle mixing state and immersion freezing behavior, 16: 5531-43, doi: 10.5194/acp-16-5531-2016. Wex, H., S. Augustin-Bauditz, Y. Boose, C. Budke, J. Curtius, K. Diehl, A. Dreyer [...] ice nucleation of kaolinite particles: A case study of levoglucosan and sulfuric acid, 39, doi: 10.1029/2012gl053007. Reitz, P., C. Spindler, T. F. Mentel, L. Poulain, H. Wex, K. Mildenberger, D. Niedermeier, S. Hartmann , T. Clauss, F. Stratmann, R. C. Sullivan, P. J. DeMott, M. D. Petters, B. Sierau, and J. Schneider. 2011: Surface modification of mineral dust particles by sulphuric acid processing: